The manhole covers in Jerusalem are usually made of metal

 

or concrete

 

, but plastic (composite material) covers also exist

 

.
The shapes of the covers include square

 

, round

 

, rectangular

 

, or elliptical

 

.
In many cases, when round covers are intended for sidewalks, they are surrounded by a square frame, which greatly facilitates the paving work around them

 

(these are, in fact, most of the “square” covers).

The covers in Jerusalem are not colorful; there is a small number of covers with a golden hue (the only one found on the site actually belongs to Mevasseret Zion, not Jerusalem)

 

.

Covers intended for the Jerusalem Municipality usually bear the city’s emblem

 

.
Many covers are designated for Jerusalem’s water corporation “Hagihon,” most of which display the corporation’s logo

 

.

There is a relatively small number of covers in Jerusalem that belong to other locations (the “bug” category)

 

.

There are also covers intended for entities that are not necessarily municipalities or local councils. Such covers are not tied to a specific city and can be found across Israel. Examples include covers for Israel Post

 

or the Israel Electric Corporation

 

.

The function of a cover is usually indicated on it (water

 

, communication

 

, etc.), and therefore, the number of covers in the “unknown” category

 

is relatively small.

On a significant number of Jerusalem covers, the year of manufacture appears

 

.

Usually, the design of covers in Jerusalem is not distinctive and corresponds to typical patterns of the manufacturer. Some covers, however, have a unique design

 

or were produced long ago, during the British Mandate period

 

- some of which are found in East Jerusalem

 

.

Manufacturers
The manufacturer’s name usually appears on the cover. Most covers are produced in Israel by several leading manufacturers - Menashe Baruch

 

, Kordia Brothers

 

, A. Talitmacher

 

, and others.
It is rare to find covers produced in other countries, though they do exist, as seen in the list of manufacturers on this page (for example, a cover made by the major manufacturer PAM

 

).

Standards
Manhole cover standards include those specific to Israel (the Standard Mark of the Standards Institution of Israel

 

and Israeli Standard IS 489 - equivalent to the international EN124 standard

 

).
In addition, there are the international EN124 standards

 

and their various load classes (A50–D400)

 

.
Additional standards are mainly found on covers not produced in Israel.