The manhole covers in Tel Aviv are usually made of metal

 

or concrete

 

, but there are also covers made of plastic (composite materials)

 

, as well as covers with transparent sections

 

or even wooden covers

 

.
Their shapes include square

 

, round

 

, rectangular

 

, or elliptical

 

.
In many cases, round covers intended for sidewalks are surrounded by a square frame, which greatly facilitates the paving work around them

 

(these are, in fact, most of the square covers).

Manhole covers in Tel Aviv are generally not colored, except for some that were painted after production

 

or are of special types

 

.
A relatively large number of golden-colored covers can be found, particularly those made by the manufacturer “Wolfman”

 

.

Covers designed for the Tel Aviv Municipality usually bear the city emblem

 

(a dedicated section discusses the different forms in which it appears) or the inscription “Tel Aviv Municipality”

 

.


Many covers belong to Tel Aviv’s water corporation, Mei Avivim

 

.
As in other Israeli cities, a considerable number of covers belong to other municipalities (category “Bug”). Some are from Petah Tikva

 

, Bat Yam

 

, and other cities. Since water corporations typically serve one or several adjacent municipalities, covers from other corporations - such as Mei Bat Yam

 

or Mei Shemesh

 

- can also be found and are included in the “Bug” category.

The covers in Yarkon Park (Ganei Yehoshua) bear the emblem of the city of Tel Aviv, but with the name “Ganei Yehoshua Park”

 

.

There are also covers intended for non-municipal consumers. These are not tied to any specific city and can be found throughout Israel - for example, for the communications company Bezeq

 

or Israel Post

 

.

The function of the cover usually appears on it (e.g., Communications

 

, Water

 

, etc.), so the number of covers in the “Unknown” category

 

is relatively small.

A noteworthy cover is one intended for a single building in Tel Aviv (10 Romema Street). It is unclear why this particular building was chosen

 

.

A significant portion of Tel Aviv’s covers bear the year of production

 

.

City Emblem
The Tel Aviv city emblem appears on manhole covers in various forms:

1. The classic form – the original city emblem designed by Nachum Gutman

 

,

 

.
2. The use of only the upper part of the emblem

 

- in this case, the cover format seems to have been defined by the municipality and applied by different manufacturers, resulting in almost identical covers from Menashe Baruch

 

, Yetzikat HaMifratz

 

, A. Talitmacher

 

, and Cordia Brothers

 

.
3. The city branding created in 2009 for the centennial celebrations of Tel Aviv’s founding appears on many covers

 

. So you can see almost identical manhole covers, one with the old emblem

 

and one with the new one

 

.

Walking Routes and Information
The Independence Trail - a walking route in Tel Aviv featuring 10 historical landmarks. It was inaugurated in 2018 to mark Israel’s 70th anniversary and includes golden metal plaques illuminated at night

 

.
The White City - central Tel Aviv has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. This is noted on plaques affixed to buildings within the “White City” and on a central commemorative plaque

 

.
The Founders of Tel Aviv - in the area of the first houses of Ahuzat Bayit, golden plaques mark the original homes of the city’s founders

 

.
Public Sculptures - outdoor sculptures in Tel Aviv are usually accompanied by a round (sometimes square) metal plaque identifying the work and providing details such as the artist’s name and material

 

. Such plaques are often placed on the base of the sculpture.
Antin Square Tiles - the paving tiles in Antin Square, at the entrance to Tel Aviv University, include quotes and sayings by scientists and intellectuals

 

.

Complexes
In cultural or special-purpose complexes, custom-designed covers can be found – such as the Tel Aviv Port

 

, the Hatachana Compound

 

, Jaffa Port

 

, the Sarona Complex

 

, and others.

It is worth noting the manhole cover design competition held by Mei Avivim. The winning cover features Tel Aviv motifs such as Dizengoff Square, Menashe Kadishman’s Uplifting sculpture, the seashore, and the Jaffa Clock Tower

 

.
Unfortunately, the corporation did not also commemorate the non-winning designs.

Manufacturers
The manufacturer’s name usually appears on the cover. Most covers are produced in Israel by a few leading foundries – Menashe Baruch

 

, Vulcan Foundries

 

, Yetzikat HaMifratz

 

, and others.
Covers made abroad are rare but do exist – for example, one produced by the major French manufacturer PAm

 

.

Standards
The standards governing manhole covers include Israeli-specific ones - the Standard Mark of the Standards Institution of Israel

 

and Israeli Standard 489 (equivalent to the European EN124)

 

.
Additionally, international EN124

 

and load classifications (A50-E600)

 

are also used.
Other standards appear mainly on covers produced outside Israel.