A company formed by the brothers William and Edward Hayward. The company that specialized in "coal holes" also created lids with transparent sections that solved the basement lighting problem Click for cover's details The company ceased operations in the 1970s
The manufacturer’s covers are made of metal or of metal incorporating transparent sections, usually placed above cellars, allowing sunlight to penetrate inside . Most of the covers are round or rectangular . One cover found on the site has a very unusual shape resembling a house with a dome on top . No colored or gilded covers were found, nor were covers bearing city emblems.
The function of the cover is not inscribed, nor is the year of manufacture. (Although many of the covers are known to have served heating purposes – coal holes). On many covers, the address of the manufacturer (187 - 189 Union Street Borough was the brothers’ first factory address) or the city where he operated appears.
Standards No standards marks appear on the manufacturer’s covers.
Typical Covers There are two main types of covers: - Coal holes covers – covers from the period when houses were heated by coal, into which coal sacks were poured . These covers are always round, usually with a background pattern of circles (in varying numbers), with smaller circles inside .
- Rectangular covers with transparent squares that allow sunlight to pass through, thereby lighting the cellars they cover .